Structure
Examples:
かわいい
新しい
寒い
Details
Part of Speech
Adjective
Word Type
Independent Word
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Standard
About い-Adjective (Predicate)
A predicate is a word that describes the topic/subject of a sentence. The Japanese equivalent of this is a 述語, which literally means 'statement word'. As a predicate, い-Adjectives can appear by themselves (when the word they are describing does not need to be stated), or they may be used at the end of a sentence.
When there are no other words apart from the adjective itself, it comes across similar to 'It's cute', or 'It's hot', and similar expressions in English. We just have to guess what the 'it' is from context.
In many sentences, either は or が could be used to mark the word/words that the predicate is describing. However, which one sounds more natural will depend on many factors. In general, if you are specifically pointing out something as being different from other things in the same category, が will be used.
In this example, が is distinguishing this specific bath as having a unique level of hotness compared to others (maybe the water system is broken and only boiling water comes out). は would sound unnatural in this type of sentence, as it is not the 'normal' state of the bath.
Fun Fact
All い-Adjectives are words of Japanese origin.
Related
Examples
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暑い。
暑いです。
It is hot.
寒い。
寒いです。
It is cold.
これは楽しい。
これは楽しいです。
This is fun.
猫はかわいい。
猫はかわいいです。
Cats are cute.
私の家は近い。
私の家は近いです。
My house is near (by).
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い-Adjective (Predicate) – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (1 in total)
Haruto
Hi there, new Japanese learner here. I just came across this sentence in the N5 grammar section. このお風呂が熱い
When I was at a sento in Kyoto last month, I was sitting in the cold bath for a minute and asked a couple locals in the adjacent bath, " その水は熱いですか?
Sono mizu wa atsui desu ka?They chuckled and replied, 温かい!
So my question is really, which sounds more natural, atsui desu, atatakai desu, or simply, attakai?
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