Grammar Info

N4 Lesson 2: 5/17

またAlso, As well, Moreover, Again, Additionally

Structure

また + Phrase

Details

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    Standard

  • Rare Kanji

    叉・又

About また

また, or 又(また) in its kanji form, is an expression which means 'again', 'additionally', 'also', or 'moreover'. This may seem confusing at first, but it may be easier to think of また as meaning 'repetition of (A)', where (A) is any particular course of action. This repetition is a bit different to English, in that it can express the same action, or an alternative option. また can be used as an adverb, or as a conjunction. In this lesson, we will focus on its use as a conjunction.

As with many other conjunctions in Japanese, a phrase/sentence can begin with また, so long as that sentence expresses a complete thought.

Due to また being quite different to any single word that we have in English, let's try to make the meaning a bit clearer. Imagine that '(A) action always has (B) result'. However, the action which leads to the (B) result could be many different things. Because of this, また can have the following meanings.

The same (A) action is taken - Has the nuance of 'again', or 'moreover'.

A different (A) action is taken - Has the nuance of 'also', and 'additionally'.

Examples

--:--

    また寝坊(ねぼう)したの？

    You overslept again?

    またその夢(ゆめ)を見(み)たい。

    I want to dream that dream again.

    また、彼(かれ)からチョコをもらった。

    Moreover, I received chocolate from him.

    私(わたし)は、また旅行(りょこう)に行(い)くつもりです。

    I intend to go on another trip. (again)

    明日(あした)から、また授業(じゅぎょう)が始(はじ)まります。

    Class will start again from tomorrow.

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      また – Grammar Discussion

      Most Recent Replies (7 in total)

      • Fuga

        Fuga

        Hey @tai @Shinzo !

        As a native speaker, I assumed that this sentence was using the ‘moreover’ translation instead of the ‘again’ because of the comma. The pause between また and 彼 changes the nuance from ‘again’ to ‘moreover/additionally’ and gives the sentence a different nuance. It is safe to assume that if a comma is used after また, it means ‘moreover’.

        I hope that answers your question!

      • Guguru-san

        Guguru-san

        I think a big issue with this lesson is that it states it will focus on また used as a conjunction (“moreover”) when it mostly contains examples for its use as an adverb (“again”).

      • casual

        casual

        I’m not good with part of speech classification and other terminology, so let me see if I understand correctly.

        A jp-jp dictionary (又／亦／復（また）とは？ 意味・読み方・使い方をわかりやすく解説 - goo国語辞書) defines 3 types of 又:

        ① 副、 that would be 副詞 adverb

        1. ふたたび、 “one more time”, “again”.
        2. 同じく、“in the same way”, “also”
        3. 別、別の機会、“some other time”
        4. その上に、“in addition”, “also”
        5. それにしても、expression of surprise, “wow”

        ② 接、 that would be 接続詞 conjunction

        1. ならびに、“as well as”, “and also”
        2. その上、“in addition”, “also”
        3. あるいは、“alternatively”, “or”

        ③ 接頭、prefix of indirectness in words like 又聞き

        Usages ①4 and ②2 seem to have the same definition, but examples for conjunctive usage join 2 sentences/clauses together, and adverbial examples do not.

        With this in mind, let’s look at Bunpro examples.

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