Structure
Noun + までに
Details
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Standard
使用域
一般
Rare Kanji
迄
About までに
までに is a combination of two different types of particles. The adverbial particle まで, and the case marking particleに. までに is verb similar to まで when it means 'until'. However, there is one very important distinction. This distinction is that までに means 'by', not 'until'.
To use までに, we will need to attach it to the end of a noun, or verb in the non-past form.
To use までに, we will need to attach it to the end of a noun, or verb in the non-past form.
- 5時までに駅に来てください。Please come to the station by 5 o'clock.
- 遊びに行くまでに片付けてね。Please tidy up by the time you go out to play.
- 来月までにレポートを書 く。I will write a report by next month. (Focus is on 'next month' being the deadline)
- 来月までレポートを書く。I am writing a report until next month. (Focus is on 'next month' being the end point for something that will continue until that point)
Fun Fact
Originally, まで meant 'as far as' in regard to the passing of a particular event. However, in modern Japanese, most people will assume that the speaker means 'by the beginning of (A)'. Due to this, sentences that have a very broad event, such as 夏までに could actually be interpreted as 'by the start of summer', or 'before the end of summer', depending on who you are talking to. In these cases, it would be better to add a more specific time frame.- 冬が終わるまでにスキーをしたい。I want to go skiing by the end of winter. (Not just 'by winter', but specifically 'by the end of winter')
Synonyms
Examples
明日までに電話をください。
Please call by tomorrow.
8時までに学校につかなくてはいけない。
I have to arrive at school by 8 o'clock.
11月末までに、クリスマスプレゼントを買いに行きましょう。
Let's go Christmas present shopping by the end of November.
10時までに帰ってきてください。
Could you please come back home by 10?
10時までに帰ってくることは無理です。
It will be impossible for me to be back by ten.
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みんなの日本語 I
Page 110 [CH 17]
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までに – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (12 in total)
pokedots
mrnoone
@pokedots
まで, when used with location means “to” or “as far as”.
If we translate the sentence more literary, “If I go with my friends to the city to have some fun, I think that it will be impossible for me to be back by ten.”Another example:
私はバスで京都まで行った。
I went to Kyoto by bus.I hope it helps,
Cheers!pokedots
Thank you! I didn’t think about the まで as referring to the 行いったら
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