Structure Legend
Structure
Examples:
[る¹]Verb → 見る + させられる
[す]Verb → 話す + させられる
[る⁵]Verb → 座る + らせられる
座る + らされる
[う]Verb → 歌う + わせられる
歌う + 歌わされる
[く]Verb → 歩く + かせられる
歩く + 歩かされる
[つ]Verb → 打つ + たせられる
打つ + 打たされる
[ぬ]Verb → 死ぬ + なせられる
死ぬ + 死なされる
[ぶ]Verb → 飛ぶ + ばせられる
飛ぶ + 飛ばされる
[む]Verb → 休む + ませられる
休む + 休まされる
[ぐ]Verb → 泳ぐ + がせられる
泳ぐ + 泳がされる
Exceptions:
する → させられる
くる → こさせられる
Details
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Standard
使用域
一般
About Causative-Passive
When the auxiliary verb せる (or させる) 'to make/let do' is combined with the auxiliary verb られる 'to be the receiver of', it creates the causative-passive form of verbs in Japanese. These sentences will be from the perspective of the person who has 'been made to do' something, and are very often negative (against the will of the speaker).
First, verbs must be conjugated in the same way that they would be with せる, or させる. After that simply remove the る, and then add られる. This will create the verb form させられる (linked with る-Verbs), or せられる (linked with う-Verbs).
First, verbs must be conjugated in the same way that they would be with せる, or させる. After that simply remove the る, and then add られる. This will create the verb form させられる (linked with る-Verbs), or せられる (linked with う-Verbs).
- おばあちゃんの家に行くとお腹がいっぱいでもいっぱい食べさせられる。When I go to my grandma's house, she makes me eat a lot, even if I am full.
- そんな事させられるとは思わなかった。I didn't think that I would be forced to do something like that.
- 先輩に色んなお酒を飲ませられたから頭が痛い。Because my senpai made me drink all sorts of alcohol, my head hurts.
- 友達に冷たい水を浴びさせられるのが嫌いだ。I don't like it when my friend douses me with cold water.
- 上司に力仕事をさせられる。My boss forces me to do physical labor.
- 友達に知らないバンドのコンサートに連れてこさせられる。My friend forced me to go to the concert of a band that I do not know.
Caution
Unlike with causative verbs, where the actual doer of a sentence (marked with が) is considered to be the person who 'caused' the action, られる reverses the perspective. This makes the doer (marked with が) the person who is being 'forced' to do something. When the person that is 'causing' the action appears in a causative-passive sentence, they will be marked with に. - 子供の頃は兄が勉強をさせられていた。When we were still kids, my older brother was forced to study.
- 子供の頃は兄に勉強をさせられていた。When we were still children, my older brother forced me to study.
Caution
れる may not be used in place of られる in causative-passive sentences. This is because せる and させる both have せ (an え sound kana) at the point where they will connect with られる. This is a rule for all verbs with an え sound kana at their conjugation point (excluding the 'potential' use of れる and られる).Synonyms
Examples
お腹がいっぱいなのに、ケーキを食べさせられた。
I was made to eat the cake even though I was full.
私は兄に宿題をさせられた。
I was forced to do homework by my older brother.
どんなことをさせられたの?
What kind of things were you forced to do?
嫌なことをさせられた。
I was made to do awful things.
あまり見たくない動画を見させられたのです。
I was forced to watch a video I didn't really want to watch.
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Causative-Passive Forms
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Genki II 1st Edition
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Causative-Passive – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (16 in total)
Dsingis
About 1 year ago
I wonder, which form is more common in day-to-day japanese? 歩かせられる or 歩かされる ?
My Genki textbook said, that both are “grammatical”, but the shorter form 歩かされる is much more common. Yet in Bunpro I see no such comment, and all the example sentences use the long form. Also Togofu only teaches the longer form al well.
Fuga
About 1 year ago
Hey there! 歩かせられる is the more grammatical way of saying it, but 歩かされる is used in speech because it is a little easier to say. However, I feel like they are both equally as common since some people might prefer one over the other. Personally, speaking from a native perspective, I would used 歩かせられる when writing, but will use 歩かされる when I’m talking.
simias
About 4 months ago
Thank you for this very useful precision!
I wish Bunpro would have dedicated grammar entries to practice these common shortenings.
Another one that trips me up often in a different genre is 〜れば → 〜りゃ.
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