Structure
Verb + にもかかわらず
［い］Adjective + にもかかわらず
［な］Adjective + である + にもかかわらず
Noun + （である）+ にもかかわらず
Details
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About にもかかわらず
にもかかわらず is a formal grammar structure in Japanese used to convey that something is 'in spite of (A)', or 'despite (A)'. This pattern is a combination of に, も, the う-Verb 拘わる 'to fixate on', or 'to stick to', and the literary auxiliary verb ず, which connects with verbs in the same way, and carries the same meaning as ない.
This structure is most frequently seen connected to verbs, い-Adjectives and nouns in their standard forms. In most cases, this pattern will appear without kanji.
Literally, this phrase can be thought of as expressing 'without being affected by (A), (B)', or 'without fixating on (A), (B)'. However, it is almost always used in exactly the same way as のに 'despite'.
Caution
It is important not to get にも拘わらず mixed up with に関わらず. The former expresses 'despite', while the latter tends to be used more often for 'no matter if'.
- お客さんが来ることを知っていたにもかかわらず、部屋の掃除をしていなかったので息子を叱った。Despite knowing that we were going to have guests over, my son did not clean his room so I scolded him.
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お客さんが来るかどうかに関わらず、部屋は綺麗にしておいてください。Please keep your room clean no matter if guests are coming or not.
Synonyms
ものの
Although, But, Even Though
Not studied yet
を問わず
Regardless of, Whether or not, No matter, With or without
Not studied yet
ながらも
But, Even while, Even though, Despite, Although
Not studied yet
くせに
Even though, And yet, Despite
Not studied yet
にかかわる
To relate to, To have to do with, Concerning, Depends on
Not studied yet
にかかわらず
Regardless of, Whether or, No matter, With or without
Not studied yet
Examples
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勘違いしたにもかかわらず、彼は一切謝らない。
Even though he made a mistake, he will never apologize.
あんなにかわいがったにもかかわらず、裏切られるなんて…
Despite showing them that much adoration, (who would have thought) that they would betray us...
間隔があいたにもかかわらず、相変わらずいいプレーをしますね。
Even though a space opened, they made a nice play, like usual.
乾燥しているにもかかわらず加湿しないから、喉をやられた。
Since I didn't run the humidifier regardless of it being dry, my voice got hoarse.
喉が渇いているにもかかわらず、飲み物を与えないのは虐待だ。
Despite me being thirsty, not giving me anything to drink is cruel.
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Additional information and examples
JapaneseTest4You
Offline
Quartet II
Page 13
A Handbook of Japanese Grammar Patterns
Page 488
完全マスター N2
Page 64-1
A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar
Page 257
Tobira (Gateway to Advanced Japanese)
page 218-3
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にもかかわらず – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (2 in total)
Flavyouu
"全すべての物体ぶったいは、その大小だいしょう にもかかわらず 、真空しんくうにおいては同おなじ速度そくどで落下らっかする。
All objects, regardless of their size, fall at the same speed in a vacuum."
This is the only example that uses ‘regardless’;
Can I also use にかかわらず here?
speedaemon
It’s mentioned to be Formal in several different places, but the Register has it marked as Casual?
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