Grammar Info

N4 Lesson 10: 16/18

とされている

To be considered, To be deemed, Be regarded as, Be accepted as, To be said, To be accredited with

Structure

Verb + されている
[い]Adjective + されている
[な]Adjective + () + されている
Noun + () + されている

Details

  • Register

    Standard

  • 使用域

    一般

About とされている

とされている is an expression that is commonly translated as 'to be considered as (A)', or 'to be regarded as (A)'. Conceptually, it is similar to にする, which means 'to decide on (A)'. However, due to する being in the passive form in this construction, it is closer to 'to be decided on', and expresses the general opinions/thoughts of large groups of people.
The in this expression is a case marking particle, and expresses the result nuance of this particle.
  • (いま)()(だい)インターネット必要(ひつよう)とされている
    In current times, the internet is widely considered to be necessary.
  • これ二コラテスラ発明(はつめい)したものとされている
    This is considered to be something invented by Nikola Tesla.
Caution
The main difference between as a case marking particle and as a conjunction particle is that the case-marking particle will always link a single word/phrase to one specific word/result. The conjunction particle on the other hand, will often be followed by a 読点(とうてん) (Japanese comma), as it is separating two distinct thoughts within the sentence, rather than just a simple 'result'.
  • (みず)(こおり)
    Water becomes ice. (As a result of transformation, water will be ice)
  • 温度(おんど)0()(みず)(こおり)
    If the temperature is 0 degrees, it results in water becoming ice.

Examples

  • 論文(ろんぶん):「ポーランド(じん)13という数字(すうじ)不吉(ふきつ)数字(すうじ)とされている。」

    Essay/article: 'The number 13 is considered unlucky by the Polish.'

  • 論説(ろんせつ):「甘味料(かんみりょう)ガン原因(げんいん)にならないとされている(さら)研究(けんきゅう)必要(ひつよう)ある。」

    Dissertation: 'Sweeteners are deemed to not be the source of cancer, but more research is needed.'

  • 論説(ろんせつ):「ジャズ時間(じかん)たつとともに『悪魔(あくま)音楽(おんがく)』というよりアメリカクラシック音楽(おんがく)とされているようになった。」

    Dissertation: 'With time, jazz came to be widely accepted as 'America's classical music' rather than 'the music of the devil'.'

  • 語学(ごがく)学校(がっこう)サイト:「外国語(がいこくご)(まな)ぼうする(さい)(もっと)大切(たいせつ)とされているのは毎日(まいにち)()かさず(まな)こと、すなわち継続(けいぞく)です。」

    Language school website: 'When learning a foreign language the thing that is considered the most important is studying without missing a single day, that is - continuity.'

  • 論説(ろんせつ):「ジム・モリソン正確(せいかく)死因(しいん)不明(ふめい)とされているのである。」

    Dissertation: 'The exact cause of Jim Morrison's death is (widely) regarded to be unknown.'

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とされている – Grammar Discussion

Most Recent Replies (17 in total)

  • FredKore

    FredKore

    This hint sounds strange. Maybe:

    • It is going off the assumption that (A) is true.
    • It assumes (A) is true.
    • (Or just remove that line – the hint works without it – “(A) is true” doesn’t trigger the memory of any grammar point.)

  • CrisH

    CrisH

    私もそのためにここにきました!その点は文法点の説明に含みありません。その結果、思い出すとは手伝いません。私の日本語を是正してください!

    また、例の一つは「WP40」を口にする。しかし、「WP40」とは煙の手榴弾だって「WD40」とは石油に基づいた潤滑剤です!

    Summary

    I came here to mention this! It’s not mentioned in the details for the grammar point. As a result, it doesn’t help you remember.
    Also, one of the examples mentions WP40, but WP40 is a smoke grenade while WD40 is an oil-based lubricant!

  • FredKore

    FredKore

    Huh. 11 months later and still there.

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